Sally Fallon In NYC, Spoke About Raw Milk

Fullscreen capture 3282010 41229 PM.bmpOn Saturday night, I was fortunate enough to see and hear Sally Fallon speak on the subject of raw milk, aka real milk.   She is, of course, the co-author of Nourishing Traditions, the best guide to traditional, nutrient-dense food history, information, and recipes, and the founder of the Weston A. Price Foundation.  She spoke to a large and enthusiastic crowd down in Chelsea who were happy to have her.

I am a raw milk drinker, so I definitely support her arguments, whether they’re about safety or nutrition.  To see what she talked about last night, just go the Real Milk site and download the Raw Milk powerpoint presentation.  There is a lot of science in there to back up the pro-raw milk arguments.

I was asked about what I got out of the talk, as I was not there to be convinced of anything new.  For, me what I gained was 1) more assurance in the effectiveness of raw milk on health; 2) reinforcement that raw milk is safe from a food safety standpoint; and 3) a reminder that simply because it’s raw is not enough – this farm fresh milk must meet certain criteria to make it acceptable for human consumption.

What are these criteria?  They are as follows:

  • From pasture-fed cows
  • Full fat
  • Cows free of TB and undulant fever
  • Milk produced under sanitary conditions
  • Milk immediately placed in cold storage
  • Regular testing program for somatic cell count and pathogens
  • Regular testing of water on the farm

So basically, make sure the cows are fed on pasture and eating grass, they are free of disease, and tested regularly (as well as testing the farm’s water), and use refrigeration.  Since the “swill milk” days, the advances in medical testing, water cleanliness, and refrigeration are light years beyond from where we were then.  The cows that supply my milk meet each and every one of these criteria.

Puy_de_Sancy

As far as its effectiveness on health, it was clearest in the list entitled, Destruction of Built-In Safety Systems by Pasteurization.   From the inactivated bioactive components like Leukocytes (they eat at all foreign bacteria, yeast and molds), to the reduced levels of medium-chain fatty acids (also found in coconut oil), to the general dismantling of the natural protective safety systems that reside in the milk, it’s clear to me that pasteurization is not something beneficial to the health of the milk.  Additionally, raw milk seems to be supportive of our immune systems, contains carriers to ferry vitamins and minerals through the gut and into the blood stream, and has curative properties, (see The Milk Cure, which should only be done with raw milk).  One woman in the audience told us that she put raw milk in her child’s ear and it cured his earache in about 4 hours!

And to touch on the food safety standpoint – why not look at one of the core reasons our milk may not be safe – the cleanliness of the animals and their surroundings, and the manner in which they are raised and treated during their lives.  Cows that produce milk that is consumed and sold as raw are under a lot more scrutiny and are tested more often.  This kind of practice is what I’d like to see – preventative, wholistic health care for the animals, rather than its opposite.  It will keep them healthy and happy, and their milk is healthy and makes the drinker happy, too!

Sally herself was in good spirits.  The talk was informative, and she presented the information in an easy and sometimes entertaining manner.  She also answered a bunch of questions from the audience, including one from a physician asking about how doctors and medical students could access education about raw milk, especially since they are (falsely) taught that all raw milk is dangerous.

Most memorable quote of the evening: “Drinking raw milk is like playing Russian roulette with an empty gun.”   Too true.

Photo credit: (cc) Jean-Pol Grandmont via a Creative Commons license

I Eat Butter and Coconut Oil

Yes, it’s just like the title says:  I eat butter and coconut oil.  Often.  And with pleasure.  However, I don’t eat just any old kind – I do have my standards.

For butter, I aim for a product made from grass-fed milk.  Grass-fed butter has a higher concentration of CLA – conjugated linoleic acid.  CLA is a good fat – a natural trans fatty acid – that is believed to be an effective cancer fighter, blocking tumor growth.  It also has been shown to increase HDL (“good” cholesterol).

Animals that feed on grass have 3-5 times the amount of CLA in their system than their grain-fed pals.   So, meat and milk from grass-fed ruminants are a good source of CLA.  Pastured eggs are also rich in CLA.

There are two brands of butter that I buy regularly.  First, is Kerrygold, an Irish butter.

kerrygold

It is 100% grass-fed, and is so, so good.  I love it’s rich yellow color, its creamy texture, and delicious taste.  It’s also readily available – I can get it at the local supermarket, at independent markets, and even at Trader Joe’s.  I prefer the cultured unsalted, but will use the salted butter in a pinch.

Next, is the Organic Valley Cultured Butter.  This is in the gold wrapper with claims that their butter is made from “cows allowed to pasture freely”.  Even better, though, is the Limited Edition Pasture Butter, in the green wrapper.

pasture butter

I only got to try it this week.  It is fantastic!  The texture is… well… like butter. Smooth and creamy – it seems to melt at a lower temperature, too.  It’s a gorgeous yellow color – they use the summer milk for this butter.

I also eat raw butter, but I get that privately.

I have plans to make cultured butter in the next couple of weeks, from grass-fed cream.  I’ll certainly share my experience here when I do that.

I won’t disagree that these butters can be spendy.  But I think in their case, you really do get what you pay for.

I’m really happy to be incorporating so much butter into my diet.  For years I used it in cooking, but sparingly because of my fear of saturated fats.  Now that I can get butter that is so nutrient-dense – and have lost my fear of saturated fats – I cook with it much more regularly.  I especially like to fry eggs in butter.  It’s one of my favorite combinations.

coconut oil

Coconut oil is somewhat new to me.  For what seems like forever, I believed that coconut oil was a terrible thing to put in the body, that it would only cause harm.   Turns out that unrefined, expeller-pressed virgin organic coconut oil is quite the beneficial oil, and its goodness is vast.  The two things that stick out in my mind is coconut oil’s role in weight loss and its high levels of lauric acid.

Lauric acid, a saturated fatty acid, has apparent antimicrobial properties; coconut oil is 42% to 57% lauric acid. When you eat coconut oil, it transforms into a substance called monolaurin, which then strengthens the immune system. As far as weight loss and coconut oil goes, it’s those short and medium-chain fatty acids that help in taking off those extra pounds. It also speeds up the body’s metabolism by removing stress on pancreas, and supports a healthy thyroid.

I also love the smell of coconut oil, and find the odor rather soothing. Last night I used it to fry up some chicken, and it was an excellent frying fat for my needs. I also use it in granola and sometimes even put a bit of it in my coffee. I am a huge fan of the taste of coconut, so I enjoy it this way. I expect it would be delicious in hot chocolate, too.

Normally I buy Barlean’s brand but I picked up a jar of Spectrum Naturals and I’ve enjoyed using it.

So, these two traditional fats are wonderful additions to the diet, plus they are available as high quality products.  Both delicious and nutritious, it would do you good to give them a try if you’re not already.  Enjoy!

The Best Brussels Sprouts

raw sprouts

I never grew up eating brussels sprouts.  I’m not sure why, but I suspect it’s because (one of) my parents disliked them.  I was first introduced to them during a Thanksgiving dinner in NYC in 2002.  They were delicious, no lie, but I wasn’t totally blown away.

A few years later I discovered – in my opinion – the very best way to prepare and cook brussels sprouts. And it’s got to be one of the simplest ways, too, which makes them even more appealing.  It’s my favorite way to prepare most vegetables:  roasting.

Brussels sprouts are amazing vegetables in their nutritional profile. Rich in many valuable nutrients, they are chock full of vitamin C and vitamin K, and are an excellent source of folic acid, vitamin A, fiber, as well as being a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. They are also good cancer fighters like most cruciferous vegetables containing sulforaphane.

By roasting these little baby cabbages, the heat, oil, and salt help to caramelize them, bringing out their natural sweetness.  I also love the bit of crunch some of them take on, especially on the cut side.  They taste both salty and sweet, and are simply delicious.  Truly, the best way to eat them!

roasted sprouts

Roasted Brussels Sprouts

These are wonderful simply roasted by themselves, but also would be good with chopped bacon and roasted walnuts added.   If you add bacon, which can be rather salty, feel free to decrease the salt a bit.

1 pound brussels sprouts
extra virgin olive oil
2 tablespoons coarse sea salt, or to taste
freshly ground pepper

Preheat oven to 400 degrees F.

Wash the sprouts.  Cut off any brown ends and remove any sickly or yellowish leaves.  Make sure they are quite dry after washing them.

Cut each sprout in half lengthwise, from “root” to tip.  Toss with enough olive oil to coat them generously, and add salt and pepper.

Put in a pan, cut sides down, and roast for about 45 minutes, or until cooked all the way through and the cut sides of the sprouts have caramelized.

These are good along side something that is rich, smooth and naturally sweet, like creamy polenta or risotto, or with something meaty like roast chicken or pork.

An Observation on Soaked Doughs

When I started working with soaked dough recipes, I expected the initial soaked element (flour mixed with an acidic liquid like buttermilk) to be kind of like sourdough starter – loose and soft, and very fermentable.  This has not always been the case.   Sometimes it ends up being a compact ball resembling something more like a medicine ball – dense and heavy (and kind of shaggy).

soaked dough lump

Sometimes it really is more like sourdough starter, although still more compact than starter.  These mixtures are easier to work with.

I wish more recipes indicated these variants and possible outcomes.

I could have figured that out by the proportions, of course, but flours do vary in their natural moisture level, and I always hoped in the back of my mind that the soaking stage would always result in a loose dough.  As I mentioned above, looser dough is also easier to work with.

Sometimes I need to use more elbow grease to manipulate the dough to meet the end that the recipe indicates.  While I’m in the midst of it, I imagine a whole generation of women before me that must have had amazing upper body strength from working with these denser doughs.

The good news is that each time the recipe has worked out and yielded something delicious!  Great texture, too – not gummy and not tough, but quite tender.

So, if you start working with soaked dough recipes and you find the soaked ball of dough a bit unwieldy, don’t worry – it will all work out in the end.

Larb

larb plated

So, I’ve had a package of ground pastured pork in my freezer for a while and I’ve been itching to use it. It’s delicious stuff, from pigs raised by Alan and Nancy Brown at Lewis Waite farm. I could have made burger with it, but I wanted larb. Larb!

What is larb? It’s a Southeast Asian ground meat salad that can be made with pork, beef, chicken and other poultry, or fish. In Laos, it’s made with a bit of ground toasted rice, but the recipe I used didn’t specify that. The version I made was basically meat and some seasonings, served over lettuce with cucumber.

It was delicious, and had that wonderful mix of tangy-salty-fresh-and spicy flavors that I love so much in Southeast Asian food.  It was also well-received by our resident picky eater, so I see that as a good sign.  It would be an excellent summer dish, perhaps paired with some fresh spring rolls, or perhaps just with a side of papaya salad.  Fresh fruit would be perfect for dessert.  I expect to make it again.

larb

This post is participating in Food Renegade’s Fight Back Fridays.

Cultured and Fermented Foods – Yogurt, Kefir, Kombucha

fermented foods

Some of the most delicious traditional foods I’ve tasted are cultured and fermented food and drink. Before I started eating such things, I really had no idea how extensively humans utilized fermentation, aside from yogurt and kefir. I’ve found that I love the raw yogurt and kefir I get from the farm as well as their kombucha. Plus, my body loves these fermented and cultured products – when I eat them, I feel great!

So, when I first started drinking raw dairy, I limited myself to just drinking fresh cow’s milk. I was comfortable with that, and I was just trying it out (so I thought). I didn’t anticipate how much I’d come to love it compared to the conventional organic milk I had been drinking.

It was only after a few months that I even considered moving beyond that to exploring the raw cultured and fermented dairy available to me. I’ve been eating yogurt for ages, so I tried that first. Delicious! I actually had tasted kefir before, but I suspected that this raw kefir was going to be different from the essentially “drinkable yogurt” I’d consumed before. I tried it, and found it to be quite tasty, too, but definitely different from yogurt.

Along with these two dairy products, I started drinking (and brewing) kombucha. I took a kombucha brewing class at The Brooklyn Kitchen, which was a lot of fun and very informative. I brewed kombucha pretty regularly until I moved and my SCOBY kicked the bucket. I now purchase kombucha from the same place as where I get my raw dairy, and plan to start up the brewing process again later this spring.

After a conversation I had with my friend Charlene, I started to wonder how the bacteria differ among the three products I eat on a regular basis: yogurt, kefir, and kombucha. They all contain probiotics for a healthy gut, but different kinds of friendly bacteria. I decided to do some research.

Yogurt is ubiquitous. It’s in all the supermarkets and convenience stores. It is considered to be a true health food, and is delicious. It is made from whole milk, lowfat and nonfat milk, but I prefer to eat yogurt made with non-homogenized whole milk.

Yogurt is made by heating milk at a low temperature and combining it with bacteria to encourage fermentation (which then preserves the milk). The most common bacteria in yogurt are: Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. acidophilus (this produces vitamin K, lactase, and several anti-microbial substances). Streptococcus lactis, S. cremoris, thermophilus, and L. plantarum (also found in lacto-fermented vegetables) may also be present. In short, lactobacillus helps convert lactose and other sugars to lactic acid, and Streptococcus is the force behind the souring and coagulation of milk.

Yogurt has been made for millennia and is one of the oldest ways of preserving milk.

Milk Kefir resembles yogurt in it tartness, but does not share the same texture. It is produced by combining milk and kefir “grains”, which are a SCOBY – a Symbiotic Colony Of Bacteria and Yeast. The grains kind of look a little like lumps of small tapioca balls smushed together in a rough paste, and have a spongy texture.

The grains are placed in the milk and the mixture is allowed to ferment for as short as 24 hours. Kefir can become slightly alcoholic (about 1%) if let go for an extended period. Each time you make kefir, the grains grow and expand, so people tend to share their kefir grains with others.

kefir grains

Kefir shares some bacteria with yogurt, including Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus lactis, S. cremoris, thermophilus and L. plantarum. Additionally, Lactococus lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactococus lactis subsp. Cremoris, Lactococus lactis subsp. Diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Cremoris (also found in cultured butter), Lactobacillus kefyr, Kliyveromyces marxianus var. marxainus, Saccharomyces unisporus (yeast) are in kefir. It is full of probiotic goodness.

Kombucha is a fermented sweetened tea with origins in China. The tea ferments for a number of days under something colloquially called a “mushroom” and technically called a SCOBY (symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast). It also can become slightly alcoholic (1.0% to 1.5%) depending on the brewing time.

As I said above, the SCOBY contains a symbiosis of bacteria – Acetobacter (acetic acid bacteria) – and yeast – Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Candida stellata, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Torulaspora delbruecki, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.

kombucha brewing

Kombucha sometimes tastes a little vinegary after a spell, and that is due to the presence of the acetic acid, which provides much anti-microbial activity. It also contains butyric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, usnic acid, as well as some B-vitamins. It does not contain glucuronic acid, contrary to popular belief and scientific testing.

Look for a future post on fermented vegetables, additional dairy products, and non-dairy drinks as well. The world of fermented food is vast and delicious!

This post is participating in Real Food Wednesday, hosted by Kelly the Kitchen Kop.

Kefir grains photo: (cc) user Phrood on Wikimedia Commons via a Creative Commons license.

Quincy Farm

Early on in the life of my CSA, before it became volunteer-run, it was overseen by a woman named Cara Fraver.  Cara was an AmeriCorps VISTA member and worked with JustFood to get our CSA off the ground.  Originally the CSA was called the Ravenswood CSA, as it was located at the Ravenswood Houses.  Cara was terrific in the role of managing the CSA, and her dedication to it was part of why the CSA has become quite a success.

After a few years, she left the area and moved upstate, where she learned about farming, working on a number of local farms in her area.  Recently I learned that she wants to start farming on her own, with her partner Luke.  She has the name – Quincy Farm – and some startup capital, but no land.  She’s looking for some.  If you can help her, please contact her.

Good luck, Cara!  You’re amazing!

on the farm